1984 Project Essay

1984 Project Essay 1984 Project Essay Vocabulary Definitions 1. annihilate (verb) - to cause to be of no effect - to destroy the substance or force of - to cause to cease to exist 2. gyrating (verb) - to revolve around a fixed point or axis - to move in spiral or spiral-like course - to oscillate or vary, especially in a repetitious pattern 3. inevitable (adj.) - impossible to avoid or prevent -invariably occurring or appearing; predictable 4. axiom (noun) - a self-evident or universally recognized truth - an established rule, principle or law - a self-evident principle or one that is accepted as true without proof as the basis for argument 5. palpable (adj.) - capable of being handled, touched or felt; tangible -easily perceived; obvios -that can be felt by palpating (medicine) 6. fluctuate (verb) -to vary irregularly - to rise and fall in or as if in waves 7. arbitrary (adj.) -determined by chance, whim or impulse and not by necessity, reason, or principle - based on or subject to individual judgment or preference -established by court or judge rather than by law 8. chivalrous (adj.) -having the qualities of gallantry and honor attributed to an ideal knight -of or relating to chivalry - characterized by consideration and courtesy 9. meritorious (adj.) -deserving reward or praise; having merit 10. treachery (noun) -willful betrayal of fidelity, confidence, or trust - the act or an instance of such betrayal Vocabulary Sentences 1. The hands of the clock are gyrating to show the time. 2. The large amount of homework is inevitable if you are in AP classes. 3. The chief commanded the soldiers to annihilate the enemy's defense so they could pass through. 4. Axioms of common sense shouldn't be questioned. 5. The excitement during the concert was palpable. 6. The fluctuating temperature during the year resulted in warm temperatures in the winter. 7. The winners of the lottery are arbitrary. 8. The chivalrous man did everything he could to rescue the girl. 9. Meritorious actions should be recognized. 10. The treachery made the girl hesitant to trust others. Essay Prompt 1: You may never have considered history to be as important as it appears to be in 1984. Why does the government make efforts to control history in the novel? The government in 1984 tries to control history because if the people in the society didn't know about the past they aren't able to go against the government. This allows the government to control and change the past to what they want it to be. They could get rid of certain information that could reveal what they are actually like and they could also get rid of people that have went against them. An example of this from the book is when Winston had to rewrite the article from Times. He changed the information to what the government or party wanted it to say. He also changed the names and added made up information. He made the guy stated in the article, seem like he was a bad person by going against the government. After he had finished rewriting the

A Moment Of Silence In Schools Essays - Prayer, School Prayer

A Moment Of Silence In Schools Essays - Prayer, School Prayer A 'Moment of Silence' in Schools In 1962 the Supreme Court decided that public schools did not have the power to authorize school prayer. This decision made public school in the U.S. more atheistic than many European nations. For example, crosses still hang on the classroom walls in Poland, and the Ten Commandments are displayed in Hungary. There are prayers held at the beginning of legislative and judicial sessions and every President has mentioned a divine power in his inaugural speech. In keeping with a spirit of religious freedom as stated in the First Amendment, there is no reason why students should not be allowed to have a moment of silence during the school day when they can pray or do as they choose. The case Engel v. Vitale in 1962 decided that school prayer is unconstitutional. With this case, it was pointed out that the students were to "voluntarily" recite the following prayer: "Almighty God, we acknowledge our dependence upon Thee, and we beg Thy blessings upon us, our parents, our teachers, and our country." The court ruled that this rule was unconstitutional according to the First Amendment's "establishment clause," which states "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion." In response to the Engel v. Vitale case some schools adopted a "moment of silence." In 1963, another case was brought before the court dealing with school prayer, Abington School District v. Schempp. The Schempp family challenged a law in Pennsylvania requiring the students to say ten verses of the Bible before school. These readings from the Bible were declared unconstitutional. Members of the board felt reading the Bible would give the children more moral values. The Schempp family strongly disagreed. Members of Congress attempted to find a compromise. From this effort came the adoption of the moment of silence, which is guaranteed by the First Amendment's "Free Exercise" clause. Six states now permit silent moments Georgia, Virginia, Maryland, Mississippi, Tennessee, and Alabama. Silent prayer was ruled constitutional in 1985 as long as it had no religious intent or purpose. (Newsweek, October 3, 1994) Prayer has been banned in schools for thirty-three years. The moment of silence has been ruled constitutional, however. Every student fills a moment of silence in a different way: through song, a prayer, or a memory. - References Newsweek, October 3, 1994, vol. 124. U.S. News and World Report, December 5, 1995 Vol. 117, No. 22, pg. 8-9. The Case of Engel v. Vitale 370 U.S. 421 1962, p. 118-119. Abington School District v. Schempp 374 U.S. 203; 83 S. Ct. 1560; 10 L. Ed. 2d 844 1963, pg. 529-530.

Hypothesising the effect of the Internet on research Essay

Hypothesising the effect of the Internet on research - Essay Example Also there is impact on research from the researcher perspective as he/she is also a person with variability. So, the researcher has to focus on the evidence of live experience which involves the surveillance and collection of data from surroundings. The collection of data includes the interviews of persons, Focus on groups, photographs and records, where internet stands the primary source for such critical information with speed and ease of use. Primary research involves the gathering information from the world; and secondary research requires reading the books, journals, papers and articles that can be find in the library or on the Internet. Internet is acting like a medium for the data collection. Knowledge base is a fully hyperlinked text which can be used as a sourcebook for the experienced researcher to browse. In order to provide the evidence to the research hypothesis, qualitative research uses literature reviews. A proper support and broad array of literature avoids the related aspects of own, favoritism and assumptions, expectations and bias in study. Internet offers such scope to collect the large literature from the www. Levinson (1990) believe that asynchronous electronic communications capability is to provide opportunity for reflection and editing of messages before sending them adds to the production of a closer fit between ideas, intentions and their expression in writing. Responding at their convenience instead of waiting for turn-taking, as required in face-to-face interactions, potentially provides more equality of participation to more reserved participants (Hiltz and Wellman, 1997). While analyzing the case studies as part of qualitative method, internet gives the information in the form of interviews, blogs, forums where valuable information is hidden directly expressed by the persons or representatives from the case.

Crucifixion in the Roman Empire Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Crucifixion in the Roman Empire - Research Paper Example Thereafter, the cross, along with the convict, was erected vertically on the ground and it remained in that position until after the criminal was confirmed dead. However, it is believed that some of the crosses were fixed permanently on the ground to serve as a constant reminder to the passersby and local inhabitants that death by crucifixion was the ultimate destiny for criminals (Hewitt, 1932). Death through crucifixion is a slow process and as such, it took a long time, depending on the health of the victim, for it to be achieved. It is claimed that some of the persons remained alive for more than 2 days while others succumbed to death in a matter of hours. However, it is notable that some of the guards assigned with the task of crucifying and guarding the convict utilized several tactics to hasten the death and to reduce the chances of the convict surviving the ordeal (Hengel, 1989). For example, before crucifixion, these guards ensured that the convict was weakened through harsh beatings concentrated on weak points such as the chest, the head, and limb joints among others, which subjected the criminal to low chances of survival even if the process was abandoned half way. In addition, the guards facilitated a quick and painful death by ensuring that while nailing the victim, the nails went through major bones on the legs, tibia and fibula, to break them thereby weakening the functioning of the body. Some of the texts also suggest that, due to the weakness of the palm flesh to sustain the weight of the body, there is a logical reason to believe that the nails on the hands were driven through the radius and the ulna, which are the two major bones that connect the palms to the elbow joints. Otherwise, the only other possibility was to increase support by tying the nailed hands to the cross (Tzaferis, 1985). It is also evident that Roman executioners hastened the death of the victim by spearing him in the chest. One of the major historical and biblical figures to die in the hands of Roman executioners through crucifixion was Jesus, who was crucified for treason. Jesus was perceived as a threat to the leadership of the roman emperor, Tiberius Caesar, by claiming that he was the king of the Jews and that there was another greater kingdom than the Roman empire, which belonged to his father. He was also accused of blasphemy due to his claims that he was the son of God yet he was a man with flesh and blood and therefore no different from other humans (Hengel, 1989). According to Jewish beliefs, crucified persons were not supposed to remain on the cross on the Sabbath day, which is equivalent to Saturday on the Gregorian calendar, and therefore it had been ordered that all the people crucified together with Jesus had to have their legs broken so as to ensure that they died on that very day. It is important to note that while hanging on the cross, the crucified persons had a chance of prolonging their death by supporting themselves with the legs thus reducing muscle tension created by the force of gravity. However, when it was the turn for Jesus to have his legs broken, the guard realized that he was already dead but to be sure, he pierced him on the chest with a spear (Hewitt, 1932). The crucifixion of Jesus also makes it clear that the Romans crucified their victims without their clothes on. To

Australia Fast Food Industry Analysis (Hungry Jack) Essay

Australia Fast Food Industry Analysis (Hungry Jack) - Essay Example IBIS has reported that the fast food industry of Australia will grow at a rate of 3.7% per annum for next few years while there is a possibility dwindling spending capacity of consumers caused by economic recession might decrease the projected growth rate (IBIS World, 2012). Low entry of barrier is an important characteristic of Australian fast food industry. IBIS (2012) has reported that new entrants need to invest capital in the range of $90,000 up to $300,000 to set up fast food outlet in Australia. The analysis will try to determine the dynamics of the industry in terms of external environment, industry forces, competitor analysis and critical success factors. Major aim of the study is to analyze the Australian fast-food industry in terms of both internal and external environment. Major findings of the study can be explained in the following manner. Entry barrier for fast food industry in Australia is low. Companies need to launch low calorie fast foods to keep pace with changing consumer preference. Major recommendation for companies planning to enter fast food business in Australia are 1- use market development strategy in order to increase penetration and 2- use focus strategy to decrease risk factors. First section of the study will discuss brief introduction of fast foods industry in Australia, second portion of the study will analyze the fast-food industry in Australia in terms of PESTLE analysis, porter five force analyses & contingency theory and critical success factors. Third section of the study will provide suitable recommendation to companies planning to enter in fast food business in Australia. B. Industry Analysis A snapshot of the fast food industry of Australian can be used in order to understand the underlying opportunities in the business environment of the country. Market Value Market Value Forecast Market Volume Market Volume Forecast Category Segmentation Market Competition Total market value of fast food industry in the country is mor e than $5,000 million. The market value will increase at growth rate of 2.5% and it will touch the mark $6,000 million within 2016. Total transaction recorded for the industry is recorded as $1,160.1 million for the year 2012. Market volume will decrease at a rate of 3% and it will touch the mark $1,130.1 million transactions within 2016. Restaurant business contributes 66% of total market value of the industry. 45% of market share is dominated by four big players such as Domino's Pizza, McDonald's, Hungry Jacks and Yum! Brands. (Source: Market Line, 2011) Market volume of Australian fast food industry has decreased by significant level in last two years. Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of the industry has decreased by 4.2% in last five years. PESTLE Analysis Henry (2008) has stated that PESTLE analysis is an important tool to analyse the macro environment of any country. Political Australian government has implemented carbon tax on companies operating in the country. High carbon tax rate imposed by government can increase the operating cost of fast food companies. Australian government also increased restriction on advertising for children hence fast-food companies need to be careful while designing advertisement for

Persona, salud, entorno y enfermeria

Persona, salud, entorno y enfermeria Estamos ante un articulo de titulo Persona, salud, entorno y enfermeria, que pertenece al volumen Enfermeria Comunitaria. Metodos y Tecnicas. S.21.Edit.DAE.2 ° ed.2008 de autores Dora Espinar Gonzalez e Hipolito Delgado Rodriguez. Lo que viene a clarificarnos este articulo, en toda regla, es que el modelo biomedico se orienta exclusivamente a la practica asistencial, que se orienta a la enfermedad y deja a un lado el modelo holistico, el cual se centra en todos los aspectos de la persona. Como el sistema sanitario actual se centra en el modelo biomedico, su objetivo final y prioritario es buscar el tratamiento y la curacion de la enfermedad. Lo que conseguimos con esto, es centrarnos en los aspectos fisicos ignorando al paciente, ya que se deja a un lado toda comunicacion con el. Tenemos que tener claro que a la hora de contactar con un paciente, no solo nos ha de importar la causa fisica o las anomalias bioquimicas para el diagnostico de la enfermedad, sino que el estilo de vida de la persona y su susceptibilidad biologica influyen en una futura enfermedad, asi como el entorno que nos rodea, la sociedad en si, el medio natural donde yace, etc. La enfermera es la que cuida de la persona en todas sus dimensiones, comunicandose con el, entendiendo sus preocupaciones, preguntandole por su forma de vivir para asi ayudar a que tome sus propias decisiones y recupere por tanto, su autonomia para mejorar o recuperar su salud. Es verdad que los profesionales medicos son mas habiles para conocer y explicar las razones de las enfermedades, pero no son habiles para aplicar habitualmente la prevencion y la promocion de la salud para conservar y mejorar la salud de la persona y en general, de la comunidadcosa que si hacen o deberian hacer los profesionales de enfermeria. Los profesionales de enfermeria deben promocionar la salud, pero deben hacerlo colaborando con la poblacion, pero no trabajando para ella. Para obtener la promocion de salud se debe estimular, motivar, orientar a los lideres informales para que la poblacion desarrolle sus propias habilidades para con su salud. Sabemos que las enfermedades dependen de los grupos sociales en las que se de, es decir, no es lo mismo una enfermedad tratada en un pais desarrollado que en un pais en vias de desarrollo. De todas formas, nunca debemos aislar la enfermedad de la persona que esta enferma y sin lugar a dudas el modelo actual del sistema sanitario se centra solo en la enfermedad y se olvida totalmente del paciente, que en muchas ocasiones ayuda incluso al diagnostico y a su curacion. Otro factor que afecta al ser humano es el entorno, es decir, todo aquello que le rodea. Es el ser humano el que se debe adaptar al medio natural en el que vive y esto se debe hacer mediante la socializacion y el aprendizaje y para ello se debe contar con la ayuda de la familia, puesto que es un agente de salud potencial, porque es la familia la que ayuda a desenvolvernos en la sociedad ante cualquier tipo de problema, sea de salud o no. Por lo tanto, las personas dependemos de nuestra familia para adoptar un estilo de vida y unas formas de enfrentarnos a la enfermedad que pueden ser buenas o malas. Naturalmente, para eso estan los profesionales de la salud, para promocionar un estilo de vida sano y una manera de enfrentarse a la enfermedad adecuada para preservar o mejorar asi la salud. Como resultado, habra que potenciar las buenas actuaciones en la familia para conseguir una serie de objetivos que ayuden a la socializacion y al aprendizaje de los hijos y que como consecuencia esto s lo hagan con las futuras generaciones. Quizas el papel de enfermeria se ha ido alejando de lo que realmente es, puesto que lo que se debe hacer no es lo que realmente se hace. Se debe cuidar tanto a las personas sanas como a las enfermas para educar en salud, para que ademas, se reconozca a los profesionales de enfermeria por el cuidado de la salud y no exclusivamente por el cuidado de la enfermedad. Tambien se debe garantizar a la poblacion de que seran atendidos por el profesional adecuado y de forma personalizada porque cada persona es diferente, por lo tanto sus cuidados deben ser distintos. Y ademas, se debe garantizar la ayuda para que las personas que han mermado una de sus capacidades por cualquier tipo de enfermedad, vuelvan a recuperarla para asi poder conseguir la autonomia que toda persona debe poseer. Como el sistema sanitario se ha vuelto incapaz de realizar los cuidados y las atenciones especificas para la poblacion, los servicios sanitarios necesitan incorporar nuevas ideas y visiones para afrontar los objetivos que se deben cumplir y que ya existian. Para ello, nos ayudaremos de las construcciones socio-culturales de cada comunidad para asi integrarlos en la participacion para la obtencion de salud y su conservacion. En base a todo lo escrito antes, para un correcto entendimiento en el que las enfermeras hagan lo que deben de hacer, deberiamos recuperar viejas ideas que se centren en todos los ambitos del paciente como hacen muchas medicinas tradicionales, por ejemplo el Ayurveda, que es una medicina tradicional tipica de la India. El Ayurveda es un sistema holistico en el que sus objetivos son tener en cuenta tanto la mente, las emociones y la constitucion fisica del paciente. No obstante, el modelo que persiste actualmente en occidente es todo lo contrario, pues se centra en curar la enfermedad dejando actuar al paciente de forma pasiva. El Ayurveda se centra en 5 elementos fundamentales como son el aire, la tierra, el eter, el fuego y el agua que conforman las tres Doshas (Kappa, Vata y Pitta), segà ºn vayamos teniendo desequilibrios en estas Doshas, el Ayurveda nos aconseja una serie de alimentos sanos para asi mantener una dieta sana y equilibrada que acompaà ±ada de ejercicio fisico, que equilibra mente y cuerpo, como la yoga, podamos asi mantener un estilo de vida sano orientado a la conservacion o la mejora de la salud. Sabemos ademas, que la mente ejerce mucho poder sobre nuestro cuerpo por lo que Mens sana in corpore sano tal y como dijo un celebre poeta romano llamado Decimus Iunius Iuvenalis, el c ual instruia que se debia dejar las cosas vanas a un lado e implorar a los dioses por una salud integral de la mente, el cuerpo y el alma. Por lo tanto, se puede llegar a la conclusion de que si mantenemos nuestra mente sana, mantendremos nuestro cuerpo sano y por tanto nuestra salud sera la adecuada. Tanto el ejercicio fisico, como una mente sana y un estilo de vida correcto, ayudaran a sentirnos bien, para poder asi mejorar o mantener nuestra salud. En resumidas cuentas, todo lo que conforma nuestro cuerpo es muy importante, puesto que debemos tener en cuenta las emociones, la mente y la constitucion fisica a la hora de hablar con un paciente, ya que no solo las anomalias bioquimicas importan, sino que tambien es importante lo que piensa el paciente o aquel rasgo subjetivo de la enfermedad que solo el puede expresarnos. Todo profesional de la salud, debe centrarse en el modelo holistico, para asi atender a todas la dimensiones que conforman la persona y como ejemplo, la medicina ayurvedica es bastante completa. Con este articulo, queda bastante claro cual debe ser la mision de cualquier personal sanitario, pero en concreto el del profesional de enfermeria. Ademas, esta muy bien estructurado ya que en ningà ºn momento la tesis se contradice y el objetivo del articulo queda bastante evidente.

Form and Structure of a Servant to Two Masters Essay -- essays researc

?A Servant To Two Masters? is the play that I studied. The structure is simplistic but also dynamic. It is quite an unusual play this may be something to do with coming under the genre of Comedia Del Art this is a form of theatre. Groups of actors would travel and perform their improvised plays. Their plays would usually be non-scripted and be very much like a pantomime. If plays were ever written then they would be written after they were performed. Comedia Del Arte was and still is enjoyed by many people. Lower class citizens could enjoy the simplistic storylines, as the upper class would admire the comedy within the play. Lazzi scenes were used in the plays to make the audience laugh. The spectators would most be looking forward to this part of the play, the only sequence that was rehearsed and written down. Lazzi comes from Lacci, which means cord or ribbon. A Lazzi scene is used to help tie the play together this maybe a metaphor for unravelling the plot. In ?A Servant To Two Masters? where Truffaldino is serving both of his masters, not knowing the other is there, is a La... Form and Structure of a Servant to Two Masters Essay -- essays researc ?A Servant To Two Masters? is the play that I studied. The structure is simplistic but also dynamic. It is quite an unusual play this may be something to do with coming under the genre of Comedia Del Art this is a form of theatre. Groups of actors would travel and perform their improvised plays. Their plays would usually be non-scripted and be very much like a pantomime. If plays were ever written then they would be written after they were performed. Comedia Del Arte was and still is enjoyed by many people. Lower class citizens could enjoy the simplistic storylines, as the upper class would admire the comedy within the play. Lazzi scenes were used in the plays to make the audience laugh. The spectators would most be looking forward to this part of the play, the only sequence that was rehearsed and written down. Lazzi comes from Lacci, which means cord or ribbon. A Lazzi scene is used to help tie the play together this maybe a metaphor for unravelling the plot. In ?A Servant To Two Masters? where Truffaldino is serving both of his masters, not knowing the other is there, is a La...