Saturday, April 18, 2020
The Role of Organizational Behavior in Management
Introduction Workforce diversity is a critical provision in numerous organizations. Evidently, various companies have implemented varying strategies to effectively address the challenges of this phenomenon. While referring to the best practices, used by Emirates Airlines, numerous strategies emerge. The first strategy is to recognize and appreciate all forms of distinctiveness within the workforce (Morgan and Vardy 87).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Role of Organizational Behavior in Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Contextually, employee vitality is a significant provision within an organization. Concurrently, organizational behavior studies individualized characters of the staff. It also illuminates on the effects of such characters to the development of the organization. The significance of managing cultural diversity is evident in the hospitality industry. Having researched more abou t it, this paper describes the role of organizational behavior in management. It also explains how diversity in organizations affects the management of a multicultural workforce. Emirates Airlines has been used in this context as the organization of reference. Evidently, the airline industry experiences high rate of international mobility. It is apparent that the management has to establish innovative strategies to deal with the cultural diversity issues (Brotherton 11). The basic rationale for management of cultural diversity is to enable smooth and effective business operations. Appropriate management of diversity creates a sense of tolerance and understanding amongst the stakeholders (Acevedo 34). Additionally, its effective management enhances an organizationââ¬â¢s competitiveness, productivity and profitability. This is because the instances of conflicts are greatly minimized. Generally, firms that embrace effective organizational behaviors and viable cultural diversity mana gement techniques have a high competitive edge. Review of the Literature Evidently, workforce diversity is a critical provision in vast contexts. It is notable that various companies have implemented different strategies to effectively address the challenges and opportunities of this phenomenon. While referring to the best practices (used by Emirates Airlines as the case company), numerous strategies emerge. The first strategy is to recognize and appreciate all forms of distinctiveness within the workforce (Morgan and Vardy 123). This has helped in addressing the challenges and opportunities of workplace diversity with effectiveness in Emirates Airlines. Such distinctiveness can be harnessed to promote prosperity and expansion of the company.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In this context, diversity acts as an opportunity, which an organization can utilize to prosp er tremendously. Additionally, challenges faced in operations, market trends, business prosperity, and future growth can be handled effectively. This is only possible when diverse, qualitative, and novel opinions among employees are utilized profitably. It is feasible to have numerous options for handling various challenges within an organization. Hence, a focused organization should appreciate and enhance diversity within its premises as evident in the Emirate Airlinesââ¬â¢ case. This will help in handling challenges and opportunities within an organization. In the context of organizational behavior, another evident strategy used by Emirates Airlines is the eradication of discriminative acts within the organization. Discrimination leads to demoralization of employees with a consequent reduction in productivity, job satisfaction, and organizationââ¬â¢s output. Treating every employee fairly is important in enhancing efficiency and job commitment (Grà ¶schl 99). Additionally, it is crucial to train employees on the importance of diversity within the workforce and how it can be harnessed for the betterment of the company. Evidently, employees need each other in order to grow, attain their objectives, and propel the company into prosperity. Training employees to realize this provision is an important phenomenon. It makes them think differently and start valuing each other for mutual benefits. This describes the role of organizational behavior in the management of an organization. It also explains how diversity in Emirates Airlines impacts the management of its multicultural organization. Concurrently, the company embraces equality and fair remuneration in its operations. This is meant to enhance impartiality and eliminate prejudicial acts within the organization. Providing employees with equal treatments regardless of their racial, culture, age, religious, and sexual orientations is critical and considerable (Shakhray 42). Employees should also be paid fai rly. Previously, women were paid less than men, even if their job specifications were similar. This is no longer the case in companies, which embrace diversity. This has helped in motivating employees hence using this provision as an opportunity to prosper.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Role of Organizational Behavior in Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Motivated employees are quite productive, as indicated earlier. It is important to pay employees based on their qualifications, job specifications, and roles assumed rather their cultures, races, sexes, and other prejudicial provisions. This has helped in addressing the challenges and opportunities of workplace diversity with value. Another evident strategy is the fair recruitment and staffing of employees. This helps in getting the best and qualified staff regardless of another discriminative status. Most local and globalized organizati ons execute their recruitments and staffing activities transparently to avoid mishaps and undue favors (Groschi 99). This has allowed potential women to attain lucrative jobs and positions in numerous organizations based on their merits, capabilities and qualifications. This occurs regardless of age, race, and physical disabilities. Additionally, promotions are also handled fairly and only deserving candidates are promoted. This describes the role of organizational behavior in the management. It also explains how diversity in Emirates Airlines impacts the management of its multicultural organization. Interpersonal skills are vital in this context since they enhance exchange of ideas and coordination of duties. Such skills, if majored on, will enable the stakeholders Emirates Airline to establish effective relationships and build trust. This concept has been applicable in the Emirateââ¬â¢s Airlines concept. Linguistic ability will assist the organization to establish contact (Acev edo 91). Corporations within the hospitality sector should also encourage their workers to gain the motivation of living overseas. This enhances their cultural curiosity, which is a vital recipe for successful adaptation. The capacity of an organization as well as its employees to develop tolerance during uncertainties or ambiguities is critical. Global managers within the sector ought to develop the capacity to deal with multiple perspectives any time. The management system should also be flexible to contain such transformations in cultures and act as a role model.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Through organizational behavior, an individual requires the aspects of self-understanding in order to formulate how he or she can adjust to the changing environments with precision, appropriateness, and the desired relevancy. This will help in self-actualization, satisfaction, and creativity to avoid the looming life challenges that might affect an individual, group, or an organization with stringent adversities in the realms of performance. As proved by the study (regarding Emirates Airlines), individuals react differently to varied situations, thus indicating the differing levels of resilience witnessed in diverse contexts (Phillips and Gully 124). The sources used in this context are credible due to their well-researched concepts, credible authors, and relevancy in the context of organizational behavior and diversity management. Methodology The methodology used in this study was qualitative. It was based on personal experience with the organization. Additionally, it incorporated analysis of the secondary data already existing. It vastly discusses the aspects of organizational behavior and diversity management within Emirates Airlines. The report is provided after execution of an extensive study through application of clear guidelines and procedures from the initial stages to completion. As a preamble, the topic was developed by identifying the need to evaluate the contribution of adopting credible organizational behavior and cultural diversity management. Qualitative methodology is critical since the techniques are integral in enhancing communication and facilitating superior execution of activities. The research adopted purposive research technique/method that holds requisite incentives to ensure the realization of credible results. Qualitative technique was relevant in ensuring that the purposive nature of the study (to establish the impacts of organizational behavior and viable diversity management in Emirate Airlines) is achieved. This research went thr ough credible research design, literature review, primary data collection, data compilation, analysis, and derivation of the intended findings. The discrete data were collected from both males and females that operate within the organization and those who have experienced its management in regard to cultural diversity and organizational behavior. The age of the respondents varied from 22- 65. Concurrently, races differed considerably so as to experience how different races perceived Emirates Airlines. The job status also varied from mere cleaning officers to credible managers of the company. No questionnaires or structured interview forms were used since this was not a quantitative methodology. According to Merrigan and Huston (2009, 45), qualitative research technique provided the researcher with superior study mechanism that is relevant in executing investigations with well-orchestrated objectives. The technique ensures that the purposive nature of the topic under study is underst ood adequately. This will help in identifying viable sampling techniques, including respondent identification and delivery of credible information. The analysis of the experiences and the secondary resources used to facilitate this report revealed that implementing credible diversity management provisions requires absolute dedication and determination of various stakeholders in institutions. The realization of highly functional cultural diversity that fosters individualââ¬â¢s performance and communication requires eradication of inconsistent prejudicial practices that may compromise quality and harmonious coexistence within the company. Discussion Individual dynamism and workforce prowess are a critical phenomenon within an organization. It is crucial to adjust appropriately to the challenging situations that might engulf an organization. This is advisable to ensure that the attitude, approach, and performance of individuals remain apposite and competitive within the organization . Precisely, the matter considers the aspects of resilience at an individualââ¬â¢s level in the context of organizational behavior and diversity. Nonetheless, the fact is also necessary and applicable at group or organizational level. Individuals, factions, and corporations must be resilient enough in order to cope with the challenging macro-environmental situations. This describes the role of organizational behavior in the management of a firm. It also explains how diversity in Emirates Airlines impacts the management of its multicultural organization. Concurrently, prosperous organizations (Emirates Airlines in this context) have employed equality and fair remuneration, treatment, and opportunities to their employees regardless of racial distinctiveness. Providing employees with equal treatments regardless of their racial, cultural, age, religious, and sexual orientations is critical and considerable (Shakhray 134). For instance, previously, women were paid less than men, even if their job specifications were similar. This is no longer the case in Emirates Airlines, which embrace diversity. This has helped in motivating employees hence using this provision as an opportunity to prosper. Motivated employees are quite productive as indicated earlier. It is important to pay employees based on their qualifications, job specifications, and roles they assume. This has helped in addressing the challenges and opportunities of workplace diversity with value (Grà ¶schl 32). Another evident strategy, which emirates Airlines use to enhance establish viable organizational behavior so as to manage its cultural diversity is the fair recruitment and staffing of employees. This helps in getting the best and qualified staff regardless of their discriminative status. Most local and globalized organizations execute their recruitments and staffing activities transparently to avoid mishaps and undue favors (Grà ¶schl 98). This has allowed potential women to attain lucrative j obs and positions in this organization based on their merits, capabilities, and qualifications. This occurs regardless of age, race, and physical disabilities. Additionally, promotions are also handled fairly and only deserving candidates are promoted. Cultural diversity is a challenge to both individuals and companies. Most organizations within the culturally-sensitive industries have taken drastic policy initiatives. A policy herein refers to a statement or procedures that guide the stakeholders within organizations on how responsibilities should be conducted. Foremost, successful organizations apply diversity within their workforce to gain competitive advantages. Organizations have adopted policies that increase the cultural variety within their workforce. These have augmented the benefits of having workers of diverse backgrounds within these companies. To enhance their competitive advantage, recruit diversity has been a basic policy for most companies. Under this policy, the com panies have actively searched for employment persons from an array of cultural backgrounds (Marx 117). Emirates Airlines has also adopted policies that stimulate understanding of diversity benefits. In this regard, the management has used training programs to elucidate on the advantages of adopting diverse ideas within the organization. Additionally, trainings on brainstorming approaches have been incorporated. Teamwork policies have been critical in most culturally diverse organizations. When adequately incorporated, the policy helps to develop the feeling and spirit of unity as well as togetherness towards a collective goal. In teamwork, the objective for a collective goal overrides the diversity of members. This forms a quality recipe for competitive advantage within organizations. The vision statements as well as corporate policies should be sound and solid to enhance competitiveness amidst cultural diversity (Anca and Vazquez 45). The corporate vision statement ought to be cons tructed in a manner that reflects the organizationââ¬â¢s commitment to cultural diversity. This should be backed up by a powerful vision. The companyââ¬â¢s time-off policies should also prop up cultural uniqueness for holidays as well as religious observances. Other policies should also outline the training of managers on cultural diversity sensitivity. Conclusion The steady globalization trends, cultural diversity, demographic transformation patterns, and labor structures pose immense challenges to the management of Emirates Airlines. It is clear that understanding and controlling diversity through viable organizational behavior is critical to Emirates Airlines. Diversity offers enormous opportunities as well as benefits to organizations. To achieve a competitive edge, several cultural barriers, including communication obstacles, discrimination as well as stereotypes must be overcome. To increase knowledge and sensitivity on cultural diversity management, appropriate training schedule must be designed and carried out within the sector. This (among other provisions discussed earlier) describes the role of organizational behavior in the management of the company. It also explains how diversity in Emirates Airlines impacts the management provisions of its multicultural organization. Works Cited Acevedo, Laura. Strategies for Culture Diversity in the Workplace. 2012. Web. Anca, Celia and Vega A. Vaà zquez. Managing Diversity in the Global Organization: Creating Business Values. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006. Print. Brotherton, Bob. The International Hospitality Industry: Structure, Characteristics and Issues. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2003. Print GroÃËschl, Stefan. Diversity in the Workplace: Multi-disciplinary and International Perspectives. Farnham: Gower, 2011. Print. Marx, Elisabeth. Breaking Through Culture Shock: What You Need to Succeed in International Business. London: Nicholas Brealey, 1999. Print. Morgan, John and Felix Vardy. D iversity in the Workplace. Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund, 2006. Print. Phillips, Jean and Stanley M. Gully. Organizational Behavior: Tools for Success. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning, 2012. Print. This research paper on The Role of Organizational Behavior in Management was written and submitted by user Isai Hardin to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.
Saturday, March 14, 2020
The Great Depression of the 1930s Essays
The Great Depression of the 1930s Essays The Great Depression of the 1930s Essay The Great Depression of the 1930s Essay THE GREAT DEPRESSION OF THE 1930S In the 1930s, the United States lived a terrible economic period. But, before the Stock Market Crash, of 1929 the USA lived the best economic period. This was a prosperous period with many economics? advances. But, everyone feltBlack Friday?, during October with the Crash of 1929, which started a crisis not only in the United States, but also around the world. The reason that this occur was that the United States had stopped exportation and this affected some countries good relations with the USA. Capitalisms, along with the political system that the USA possessed, as a big powerful nation of the world, decayed. Unemployment went up considerably 11% around the world. In the United States the total number of people without work was at four millions in 1930, then in 1931 eight million and 12 million in 1932 . There was not enough work for all the people. The exportations market reduced because the lack of money. During the 19 20s the credits were one of the best innovations in the USA, but they had to be suspended. The 60% off all cars and 80% off all radios were bought with credits. In 1925 the amount of credit was from 1.38 billon dollars and in 1929 this increased considerably. The debt was of 3 billions dollars . Other industries like the automobile industries their sales went down and in general the industries produced the middle that they produced before the Stock Market Crash. The banks lived the worst consequences of the Depression. All the credits that had not been pay, affected the situation. With the debts, that had accumulated, the banks did not have another option better than demand, but the demands did not make effects and the interests continued rising. The deflation reached to big levels during the Great Depression. The prizes fell about 50% . Finally six thousand banks crashed. All these big sales falls originated because the economics? politic that USA de
Thursday, February 27, 2020
Environment and Economic Geography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words
Environment and Economic Geography - Essay Example In the twenty first-century most of the national and international issues are governed by environmental challenges which require thorough understanding of the economics of environment. This century will be an era of many losses, remarkable changes and cosmologic differences, but it is conceivable that societies will successfully make the transition from goals of economic growth, as already experienced in the twentieth century, to the goals of maintaining and increasing suitable well being. The influence of the environment on economic geography was found neglected and remained untouched until Paul Krugman re-established the field by publishing his short monograph " Geography and Trade" in 1991. He showed how mathematical tools known from modern models of international trade theory can be used to explain the distribution of economic activity in geographical space. Aspects of environment on which we depend (most often soil, water and atmosphere) become damaged, polluted (poisoned) and depleted. Modern intensive agriculture changes the composition and ecology of soil and water systems, as well as affecting nitrogen and carbon cycle in the environment. The changing environmental phenomenon creates new vistas for developmental and constructive mechanisms on one side and restricts the human economic activity on another. Thereby the environmental carrying capacity is being influenced. The changes in the environmental parameters may be either beneficial or detrimental to the present and future ecological world and economic scenario, which can very well be categorized in two distinct forms. The planet earth which is unique for presence of life in our solar system is directly and indirectly getting influenced by the supremacy of the most evolutionary-creature called "Man" i.e. Homo sapiens and the equlibria that had existed since inception, are now getting imbalanced due to exploitative activities of human beings. Unrestricted use of fossil fuels, injudicious application of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, rampant deforestation, rapid industrialization, ever growing global population and radioactive warfare have many reasons for changing the wave length of this living earth from green to red in the visual spectrum. a) Carbon Dioxide Concentration and Global worming: The concentration of carbon dioxide is increasing at geometric progression primarily because of the dependency on the non-renewable form of bio-fuels as more than 80 percent of the global energy demand is met from this source and secondarily due to the exhalation of the animal kingdom. The effect of which is remarkable from the increase in the mean global temperature, which we designated as global worming. The increase in carbon dioxide concentration in one hand will definitely help in better photosynthesis resulting in increased assimilation but in other hand, increased concentration leads to acid rains, which restrict crop growth and severely affect the final yield. Instances of total extinction of established forests have also been observed due to acid rain. The emission of sulphur dioxide has also increased alarmingly in industrialized nations and particularly in North America and Europe. The result of which
Tuesday, February 11, 2020
Taiwan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1
Taiwan - Essay Example the fresh vegetables (turnips, carrots, cabbage) and other ingredients like spices (ginger, anise, salt, sesame oil and chilli peppers) with variety of sauces involve nutritional preserving methods of cooking like sautà ©ing, boiling, steaming and stir frying. Taiwanese eat frequently and usually three to four times a day but commonly breakfast, lunch evening snack and dinner are taken. However, they also take snacks in the evening before dinner and the most popular of them are Guan Cai ban, Yu Wan (fish ball) and meat ball and rice noodles, Yong Ho soya bean milk, chicken rice (Ji Rou Fen), pearl milk tea and etc. In Taiwan food is usually shared among the family members during breakfast, lunch, evening snack and dinner. All the family members eat and dine together and at a same time from the traditional hot pot in winters. Since the teachings and values of Confusion (obligation of individuals to one another) are very deeply rooted in the region. Therefore, women of the house are usually given the responsibility to prepare meals for the family. Families usually eat in their living rooms, but since after industrialization wave a popular way to eat was bien dang, this box contains all varieties of food like beans, vegetables, fish or pork with noodles or rice. The price is cheap in comparison to homemade meals; therefore, eating outside is much more common in Taiwan than any other place. There are many varieties available in bien dang like chicken, pork, vegetable they occur due to diverse ethnic nature of the region. Super markets do not sell their goods on whole sale prices that is why grocery becomes expensive for the buyers and they opt for readymade meals like bien dang which are cheap. Staple food noodles, rice or any other would be consumed with chop sticks. Meals are served in round small bowls usually especially if itââ¬â¢s liquid plus meat food. The bowl is kept close to the chin and chop sticks are used to eat the firm parts of the food. Since I grew
Friday, January 31, 2020
Relativism and Morality Essay Example for Free
Relativism and Morality Essay We frequently make moral judgments about the actions of others. We proclaim that things like removing a wallet from someone elseââ¬â¢s pocketbook on a crowded train; flying airplanes into the Twin Towers; and intervening (or not) in the Syrian war are wrong. According to Gilbert Harman, such judgments about peopleââ¬â¢s actions are defective because they lack relativity to the individualââ¬â¢s moral framework. (Harman, 1975) In ââ¬ËSome Moral Minimaââ¬â¢ Goodman argues that ââ¬Å"there are certain things that are simply wrong. â⬠(Goodman, 2010) I contend that right and wrong are subjective, based upon elements of an individualââ¬â¢s belief system, and dependent upon the situation. In this paper, I will discuss theory based arguments to justify my disagreement with Goodmanââ¬â¢s contention. When considering the theories of right and wrong, it is customary to think of them as absolute. If itââ¬â¢s wrong, it canââ¬â¢t be right or if itââ¬â¢s right, it canââ¬â¢t be wrong. It is only when we stop looking at these theories as absolutes that we can begin to explore the possibilities of moral, subjective and cultural relativity. I submit that a personââ¬â¢s actions are only right or wrong relative to their particular moral framework. It is wrong to kill is a statement that could be made by one based on his moral and/or cultural beliefs, thereby making it a true statement. However, the image becomes blurred when that same man is responsible for administering drugs to prisoners sentenced to death. Some would conclude that such acts raze his moral framework and change the truthfulness of the statement. I submit that, to make such a judgment absent the benefit of knowing the full extent of his moral beliefs would be flawed. There is the possibility that he defines killing and carrying out a death row sentence differently. Harman asserts that it is possible that when one says ââ¬Å"It is wrong to stealâ⬠s/he is saying something true, but that when another says ââ¬Å"It is wrong to stealâ⬠s/he is saying something false (Harman Jarvis Thomson, 1996). This theory, known as subjective relativity, is based on individual beliefs and on interpretation. An example of subjectivity in moral truth can be found in the classic tale of Robin Hood. On the one hand, Robin Hood describes the Kingââ¬â¢s taxation of the poor as stealing and states that it is excessive and, therefore, wrong. The judgment, based on his moral beliefs, is true. Robin Hood, however, justifies his own acts of stealing as charity, e. g. stealing from the rich to give to the poor. In this scenario, for Robin Hood to say stealing is wrong, he is stating a fact that is neither truthful, nor based on his moral beliefs. On the other hand, when looking upon Robin Hoodââ¬â¢s acts of stealing through the Kingââ¬â¢s eyes, to conclude that Robin Hood is stealing and that stealing is wrong would be a true statement made by one who believes that stealing is wrong regardless of the situation. These examples are supported by both individualistic and subjective relativism. Richard Joyce contends that ââ¬Å"individualistic relativism sees the vital difference as lying in the persons making the utterance. â⬠(Joyce, 2007). In the Confucian school of thought, Mencius developed his philosophical theory on the contention that manââ¬â¢s nature is inherently good (Chan, 1996). Chan maintains that based on Menciusââ¬â¢ philosophy, ââ¬Å"all men have a mind that cannot bear human suffering. â⬠According to Chan, Mencius expounded on this position in the following excerpt. [w]hen men suddenly see a child about to fall into a well, they all have the feeling of alarm and distress, not in order to gain friendship with the childs parents, nor to seek the praise of their neighbors and friends, nor because they dislike the reputation (for being un-virtuous)â⬠¦[t]he feeling of commiseration is the beginning of the feeling of love; the feeling of shame and dislike is the beginning of righteousness; the feeling of deference and complaisance is the beginning of wisdom. Men have these four beginnings just as they have four limbs. These four, love, righteousness, propriety and wisdom are not drilled into us from outside. We are originally provided with them. â⬠(Chan) In light of the information presented herein, the theories of right and wrong are subject to cultural beliefs and moral individuality. It is my belief that subjectivity is most prevalent in making this determination.
Wednesday, January 22, 2020
The Human Genome Project Essay -- Science Genetics Essays
The Human Genome Project On the brink of the 21st century, genetics is paving the way into a brave, new world where the discoveries being made will bestow upon us tremendous powers and possibilities that are restricted only by our imaginations. Many things long considered "science fiction" are well on their way to becoming reality. Advancements made by the Human Genome Project give us the ability to alter our own destinies along with those of our descendents. However, along with the benefits of increased control over our lives come the uncertainties: Will humankind choose to draw boundaries in regards to genetic choices? Where will those boundaries be? How will this affect our future? Could our deepened knowledge of the power of genetics threaten the biodiversity essential to evolution? Would we, in essence, be "playing God"? One thing is certain- life, as we know it, will never be the same (Rayl, 112). Before one can speculate intellectually about the benefits and uncertainties of genetic study, it is important to understand how we, as humankind, have reached this breaking point of science. The HGP began in 1990 as a 15-year project coordinated by the U.S. Department of Energy and the National Institutes of Health. It is expected to be complete by 2003, two years ahead of schedule, due to rapid technological advances. The overall goals of this project are to catalog the estimated 80,000- 100,000 genes in the human DNA and to determine the sequences of the 3 billion chemical bases that make up the human DNA. This new information will then be stored in databases, as geneticists then develop tools for its analysis. Finally, the HGP is to address the ethical, legal, and social issues that may arise from the genetic research (... ...ty, must agree upon a set of rules and standards that will govern the ethical, legal, and social issues surrounding the final outcome of the project. Clearly, we must do it quickly. References 1- Rayl, A.J.S., et al. "Genetics in the New Millennium." MINNESOTA MONTHLY. Aug., 1999:112- 124. 2- Human Genome Project Information. Obtained 20 Oct., 1999: http://www.ornl.gov/hgmis. 3- "The Future is Now." TIME magazine international. 8 Feb., 1999:VOL. 153 NO. 5. Obtained 20 Oct., 1999: http://www.pathfinder.com/time/magazine/articles/0,3266,20825,00.html. 4- Associated Press. "Unregulated gene testing can be faulty." Star Tribune. 21 Sept., 1999. 5- Holtzman, Neil and Shapiro, David, et al. "Genetic Testing and Public Policy." British Medical Journal. 14 March, 1998: 316(7134). Obtained 17 Nov., 1999: http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/316/7134/852.
Tuesday, January 14, 2020
Reserach Methodology Essay
3.1 Research Design This study is a quantitative-descriptive in nature where the purpose is to describe the level of studentââ¬â¢s satisfaction on services provided by the school towards the enrollment system through quantitative research method to quantify and reflect in numbers the observation made of the respondents being studied (Sampa, 2012). It attempts to explore and explain while providing additional information about the topic. This is where research is trying to describe what is happening in more detail, filling in the missing parts and expanding our understanding. This is also where as much information is collected as possible instead of making guesses or elaborate models to predict the future ââ¬â the ââ¬Ëwhatââ¬â¢ and ââ¬Ëhow,ââ¬â¢ rather than the ââ¬Ëwhy.ââ¬â¢ The researchers used a modified questionnaire which answers the first two objectives of this study which is the extent to which students meets and/or exceeds their expectations and perceptions towards the enr ollment system provided by the University of Mindanao. 3.2 Research Respondents The respondents of this study were the students of University of Mindanao selected randomly according to their year level and their type (freshmen, old student, and transferee). 3.2.1 Population Population, statistically, refers to the entire aggregate of items, i.e., group of people or element, who shares common set of characteristics or interest, from which samples can be drawn, in which the researcher wishes to investigate. University of Mindanao has large population of students from both Bolton Campus and Matina Campus, hence, the population refers to the University of Mindanao students who are enrolled in Matina Campus. 3.2.2 Sampling Frame Sampling Frame refers to the target population. In this study, 60 respondents was selected from students currently enrolled in Matina Campus. 3.2.3 Types of Sampling Technique The researcher chose the simple random sampling whereby every element is selected independently and the sample is drawn by a random procedure fromà the sampling frame. Sekaran(2003) as cited by Abdullah (2005) points out that through simple random sampling technique, all elements in the population are carefully weigh and each element has an equal chance of being chosen as the subject. If the main objective of this study is to generalize the ability of the findings to the whole population then, this sampling design is best suited. 3.2.4 Sampling Size It is concerned with how many people that should be surveyed. The sample size larger than 30 and less than 500 are appropriate for most research (Roscoe (1975) cited by Abdullah ( 2005)). It is believe that large sample generates inevitable results than smaller samples. However, it is not necessary to sample the entire target population or even a material portion to have reliable results. With this, the researcher only chose 60 sample units as the sampling size randomly due to the time constraints, cost and other human resources. Sixty questionnaires were being distributed to respondents who are currently enrolled in Matina Campus. 3.3 Research Instruments The researchers used a survey questionnaire in checklist form. This instrument was modified by the researchers to establish the level of studentââ¬â¢s satisfaction on enrolment system provided by University of Mindanao. The instrument determined, among others, the gender, type of student (freshmen, old student and transferees), and year level of the respondents. The Itemized Rating Scale survey was the selected questionnaire type as this enabled the respondents to answer the survey easily. Though, it is somewhat similar to Likert Scale but it uses other than agreement /disagreement item statement. This rating scale requires the subject to indicate his or her level of satisfaction to a statement. In this type of questionnaire, the respondents were given five response choices.
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